The Smith-Cooper International 9121 series PVC one-piece inline ball valve has a t-handle and National Pipe Taper (NPT) female threads on both ends. This valve body is made of PVC for corrosion resistance, high strength, and less weight than fittings made from metal. PVC can be connected to other materials such as steel, copper, or cast iron using transition fittings. It is suitable for cold water, venting, and waste applications. This valve has a t-handle for manual on/off control. Santoprene seats reduce the risk of leakage. One-piece body design reduces possibility of shell leakage. This valve has female NPT threads for connecting to male threaded pipes, creating a tighter seal than straight threads. The maximum pressure rating is 150 pounds per square inch (psi), and the maximum temperature is 110 degree Fahrenheit. Ball valves use a spherical disc to control the flow between pipes, tubes, or hoses. Flow is allowed when the hole that pierces the ball-shaped disc is in line with the inlet and outlet of the valve. Flow is blocked when the ball is horizontally swiveled 90 degrees, so that the hole of the ball is perpendicular to the opening of the valve. Ball valves can be referred to as full port or reduced port (also known as regular or standard port) depending on the inner diameter of the valve. A ball valve is full port if the hole of the ball is the same size as the inner diameter of the connecting pipeline (resulting in lower friction) and is reduced port if the hole of the valve is one pipe size smaller than the pipe, resulting in less flow through the valve than through the shaft of the pipe. Ball valves may have a handle or lever that aligns with the ball's position (open or closed) for manual operation. They are primarily used in air, gas, liquid, and steam applications.Smith-Cooper manufactures a wide variety of pipe fittings and valves. The company is headquartered in Commerce, California, and meets relevant ANSI, ASTM, and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9002 standards.